Day Care
Child Psychology & Adult Economics
Edited by Bryce Christensen
©1989,
"Discussion for The Risks of Day Care"
p64 |
(Dr. Westman*
noted that) In the kibbutzim, the Israelis developed perhaps the best
controlled study of collective child-rearing yet undertaken...
But now, the kibbutzim have largely backed away from institutional care for
infants and have gone back to the nuclear family.
(See History of Daycare - Israeli
Kibbutzim)
* Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Wisconsin
Category = History
|
Day Care
Child Psychology & Adult Economics
Edited by Bryce Christensen
©1989 ,
“Day Care: Changing Incentives”
by James R. Walker, assistant professor of economics at the University of
Wisconsin--Madison
p79 |
Some policies have indirect (and perhaps
unintended) effects on the consumer's budget set.
For example, government programs or policies legislated on suppliers affect
the cost of day care. Most notable are licensing standards imposed by many
localities on day-care center and family home providers. A change in the
standards such as an increase in the staff/child ratio increases the
supplier's cost. The increase in cost will be passed on to the consumer in
the form of higher prices for child care.
Category = Economics, Politics |
Day Care
Child Psychology & Adult Economics
Edited by Bryce Christensen
©1989,
“Day Care: Changing Incentives”
by James R. Walker
p86 |
Changes
in government policies and programs affect the incentives for the use of day
care.
…as previously discussed, a tax credit for child-care expenditures was
legislated (in the
USA)
in 1976. This tax expenditure program is the largest federal policy
supporting child care.
Record-keeping requirements to document child-care expenditures favor the
use of larger, more formal providers of day care such as center-based group
care. This facet of the program reduces the relative price of the more
formal (larger) providers of day care. The tax credit subsidizes paid market
care.
Nonrefundability of the tax credit limits its value to many low-income
families.
(Poor families) are more likely to use...other forms of care which are
unpaid or paid in-kind than are higher-income groups.
Both of these mechanisms (Record-keeping and Nonrefundability) create
distributional effects which favor middle- and upper-income families.
Category = Economics, Politics |
Day Care
Child Psychology & Adult Economics
Edited by Bryce Christensen
©1989,
“Day Care: Changing Incentives”
by James R. Walker, p87
|
...changes in "tastes"...cannot be dismissed.
As more households use day care, it becomes socially more acceptable for
others to use it as well; here is less social stigma attached to using day
care.
Category = Politics
|
